Thursday, December 26, 2019

Marx And Durkheim s Theory Of Social Inequality - 955 Words

Discussion of social inequality has been present in sociological works dating back as far as early 18th century in the works of Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. Centuries later, theoretical foundations of both Marx and Durkheim can be readily applied to social inequality in the context of present day Canada. Durkheim’s theory is founded in analyzing how societies function by focusing on the ideas of the division of labour, merit and functionalism. Marx on the other hand, views society as divided into social classes of bourgeoisie and proletariats, while stressing the importance the role of capital plays in society in relation to inequality. Both Marx and Durkheim’s theories of modern society can be used to critically discuss social inequality in Canada. However, this paper will demonstrate the strength of Marx’s theory when compared to that of Durkheim in terms of their applications to Canadian social inequality. Marx’s theory is stronger in application due to Marx’s view of society accounting for conflicts and frictions between classes, while Durkheim’s view is problematic in application to Canadian social inequality as it ignores inequalities such as gender and class, which produce conflicts that disrupt Durkheim’s idea of a social equilibrium in society. People in present society are divided up into different positions in the work force. Durkheim sees society from a structural functionalist perspective and refers to society as a system of different organs, each with aShow MoreRelatedMarx And Durkheim s Theory Of Social Inequality933 Words   |  4 Pagesfoundations of both Marx and Durkheim can be readily applied to social inequality in the context of present day Canada. Durkheim’s theory is founded in analyzing how societies function by focusing on the ideas of the division of labour, merit and functionalism. Marx, on the other hand, views society as divided into social classes of the bourgeoisie and proletariats, while stressing the importance of the role of capital plays in society in relation to inequality. Both Marx and Durkheim’s theories of modernRead MoreKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Webers Influence On Religion1727 Words   |  7 PagesThree theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, are undoub tedly the fathers of modern sociology. â€Å"Nineteenth century Western Europe was pounded by pivotal forces of transformation. Politics, education, religion, communication science, art, and social life were being revolutionized.† (Mohseni 1994;85) Each with distinct views on society and religion, these sociologists are and their theories are significant especially in the field of society. Just as much as they play a major role in theRead MoreEssay about Understanding Self in the Modern World1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe initial studies of social structures have profoundly illuminated the study and analysis of culture, social relations, history as well as institutions. According to the available literature on sociology, it is widely established that Alexis de Tocqueville was actually the foremost to use the expression social structure; afterward, Marx, Weber and Durkheim among others all had a fundamental input to structural thoughts in sociology. Weber examined and evaluate d the institutions of contemporaryRead MoreSociological Approach to the Study of Religion1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthis essay will be looking at through its founding fathers Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and Karl Marx. Sociology in general looks at people’s dynamics and explains a group’s influence. It demonstrates how religious belief and practices have become so important over time and emphasises their role and significance throughout. Each of these three sociologists has a link to these ideas which will be the main thesis in this essay. Emile Durkheim looks at religion from a functionalist perspective in the senseRead MoreMarx, Max Weber And Emile Durkheim948 Words   |  4 PagesIn assessment of sociological theory it is imperative to our understanding of social theory that we analyze the ideologies of some prominent theorists such as Karl Marx, Max Weber and Émile Durkheim. Karl Marx’s philosophical ideals on society and class division are impactful in shaping our understanding of society. Inequality and social division is at the heart of Marx’s theory of society. Marx’s theorized that society is the history of class struggles. To him the fundamentally factor determiningRead MoreSociological Theories Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesSociological theory creates ways to understand the social world by having different theories to explain understand social life. It aids to make sense of this social world. It draws together a wide range of perspectives to help provide the fullest picture. (Macionis Plummer p.36) It shows that one theory can explain something that another cannot. My aim is to answer this question with reference to both functionalism and conflict theory. This will be done by comparing and contrasting both theories inRead MoreA Comparison of Marx and Durkheim1217 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Marx and Durkheim s Theories of the Structure of Modern Society Introductory Essay: Marx and Durkheim There was once a time when the societies of the world were nothing more than a ruling class and a class that was ruled. In these feudal societies classes were set. There was little chance for a member of the ruling bourgeoisie class to cross over to the oppressed proletariat class or from the proletariat class to the bourgeoisie class. Every individual within each classRead MoreContemporary Theory: Stratification Essay examples1245 Words   |  5 PagesA major concern of modern-day theory would be the impacts of stratification within society. Social stratification is defined as the â€Å"hierarchical or vertical division of society according to rank, caste, or class† (Dictionary.com 2014). Social stratification can be operationally defined â€Å"as the systematically unequal distribution of power, wealth, and status (Bowles 2013; Kerbo 2000). Stratification sets up that all known societies past and present â€Å"distribute its scarce and demanded goods and servicesRead More Power And Institutional Control / Domination Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe paper that I’m writing will reflect on power and institutional control/ domination. This paper will discuss how supplemental readings #4 Emile Durkheim- The Rules of Sociological Method, #14 Karl Marx- The Communist Manifesto, #16 Max Weber- Economy and Society #20 M. Foucault- Docile Bodies from Discipline and Punish all contribute to a true meaning understanding of power and institutions control/ domination. The key components that deals with power, and institutions control/ domination areRead MoreKarl Marx and Durkheim932 Words   |  4 PagesThe seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were full of evolving social and economic ideas. These views of the social structure of urban society came about through the development of ideas taken from the past revolutions. As the Industrial Revolution progressed through out the world, so did the gap between the class structures. The development of a capital ist society was a very favorable goal for the upper class. By using advanced methods of production introduced by the Industrial Revolution, they

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Essay on The Failure of Communism - 1655 Words

The failure of communism Communist had a long history during the 20th century, and communism was very influential. Almost all of Asia and East Europe became Communist. From the start of the theory then many civil wars in Russia affected the whole world. Communist defined the idea of itself in many different ways, it helps many nations came together formed a party fought wars, but it also made many countries became really poor, and the economy in most of the countries got pushed back about 10 years. Communism is an economic and political system that sought to create an egalitarian society; it collapsed because of personal interest and government’s corruption. Communism was first found by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the second half†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The class of the wholly property laws, who are obliged to sell their labor to the bourgeoisie in order to get in exchange, the means of subsistence for their support. This is class of the class of proletarians, or the proletariat.† As we know that â€Å"The communism is a theoretical statement of the conditions for the emancipation of the proletariat.† It is the doctrine of the liberation of the proletariat. There were no such labor and rich people cannot own any worker. In society everybody have his or her own farmland, but all the production is owned by the state. How much food each person will get is depending on how much food they contributed to the country. In the idea of communism everybody has to share, and there are no such individual secrets. All the people should have the same interests. According to the research few students at Stanford Universit y did, â€Å"in a communist society, the individual’s best interests are indistinguishable from the society’s best interest. Thus the idea of an individual freedom is incompatible with communist ideology. The reason to hold an individual speech and information rights would likely be met only in certain instances rather then across time. Making the default a lack of freedom.† Not only share and have same interest, they also share their benefit together. Communist focuses on the benefits to society instead of individual. All the land wasShow MoreRelatedThe Failure Of Communism And Communism965 Words   |  4 PagesHIST-130.10 22 April 2015 1. Discuss the seeming failure of communism and other forms of socialism and the apparent triumph of capitalism in the 1990s, as well as considering capitalism’s possible benefits and debits in the early twenty-first century. Capitalism and Communism have both been put forth as the best models for modern enlightened societies. Each philosophy contains both desirable and undesirable elements within its framework. Communism is based on a firm belief that fiscal and socialRead MoreFrom The Dropping Of The Atomic Bombs On Japan In 19451498 Words   |  6 Pagescontainment to curb the spread of Soviet communism throughout the world. The U.S. spent billions of dollars during the Cold War period on foreign policies of containment, but is criticized that these strategies were ineffective in containing the spread of communism. In 1946, The Long Telegram, put forth by the father of the containment theory, George F. Kennan, stated that in order to defeat Soviet communism the U.S. must to thwart the spread of communism throughout the world. Therefore, the successRead MoreThe Collapse of Communism in the USSR, Central, and Eastern Europe1102 Words   |  4 PagesThe collapse of communism in the USSR and Central an d Eastern Europe Before we move on to our essay on to analyse The Collapse of Communism in USSR and Central and Eastern Europe and the reasons behind its collapse, we should discuss and understand the definition of Communism. â€Å" Communism is a social system in which all the resources, economic activities are owned by state or country. † It is a system in which wealth is dispersed equally among the people and there is no private ownership ofRead MoreThe Perestroika Reform And Glasnost Policy Programs1716 Words   |  7 Pagescollapse of the Soviet Union and failure of communism in Eastern Europe. This essay will focus on how the Perestroika reform and Glasnost policy programs as well as other external and internal pressures contributed to the failure of communism under Gorbachev. The aim of the Perestroika and Glasnost reforms was to restructure and strengthen the Soviet political and economic system and provide more freedom and democracy within the Soviet Union while strengthening Communism. However, these changes had achievedRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union980 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world was on. In the race for economic expansion, Americans loyalty and patriotism was tested influencing an urge to conform. However, the following events such as The Cold War, Containment, Domino Theory, Containments fai lure, Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Fall of Communism all contributed to the United States emerging as a world leader and a dominant economic power in the second half of the 20th century. The Cold War The United States and the USSR conflicting ideologies, policies, control ofRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was The Biggest Failure Of The 20th Century1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War The Vietnam War is one of the most controversial wars the United States participated in. Communism in the 20th century, was a huge threat to the U.S. It become a priority of the U.S. to stop the spread of Communism. In the late 1940s, the French struggled to control its colonies in Indochina - Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (history.state.gov). The U.S. saw that the French were struggling in south Vietnam so they decided to come and help France. They tried to support France and theRead MoreThe Policies Of Eisenhower s Vietnam And John F. Policy1688 Words   |  7 PagesEisenhower foreign policy was popularly known as the â€Å"New Look†. This policy aimed to maintain the American financial economy while Eisenhower was planning the Cold war and continue the containment of communism regime. Also, the â€Å"New look† policy relied heavily on nuclear weapons to stop communism. Therefore the policy was been assessed as being suppressing, rigid, and too dependent on brinkmansh ip (trying to achieve an outcome by pushing dangerous events to the brink) and massive retaliation (alsoRead More Democracy: An Analysis Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesonce remarked that â€Å"democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried†. In agreement with his statement, this paper will examine the problems of democratic governments using specific examples, and compare it to the failure of fascist governments in Nazi Germany and Italy and communist governments in the Soviet Union and China. Theoretically, democracy is a stable form of government where power is in the hands of the people. In a democracy, people have the libertyRead MoreEssay on United States Involvement in the Vietnam War769 Words   |  4 PagesInvolvement in the Vietnam War There are many reasons for American intervention in Vietnam whether it is political causes, economic causes or military causes. The Americans want to secure capitalism all over the world and get rid of communism. The French used to run Vietnam in a capitalist manner. After the Second World War France attempted to secure and control Vietnam once more. France refused to recognize the democratic republic of Vietnam that had been declared byRead MoreThe Utopia Of Communism : Why No Communist Country Has Been Successful1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe Utopia of Communism: Why no Communist Country has been Successful After it was conceived from the mind of Karl Marx, a Communist form of government has appealed to many societies, especially before and during World War II. Some of the strongest countries were built on the principles of Communism, such as the USSR. It came to become an enemy of American values, and challenged the political and civil ideas of that time. However, it quickly dropped out of popularity, and has come to only being

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Porter’s Five-force Analysis MBA Strategic Management Module

Question: Discuss about the MBA Strategic Management Module. Answer: The value of porters five-force analysis in a non-profit organisation is the smooth operation of the same. In most of the case, lack of transparency is the key idea that creates issue in donation and charity. This might be explained through an example like an organisation that is working for street children the services offered to the children has to be good. This must be ensured by the organisation that the children are receiving the services that have been promised while collecting the charity from different people (Dobbs 2014). This would ensure that even competitors would not be able to hamper the value of the non-profit organisation. Porters Five-force analysis is not only applicable of the profit making organisation but also the non-profit organisation. They might not be in the race of profit generation but in the market, there are number of facts that are essential. The threat of new entrants can decrease the donation that one organisation used to receive. The threat of substitute products can be the better services that other organisation might offer. Better service in limited money can lead to switching (Magretta 2013). In case of the bargaining power of the buyers, it might be said that buying the social impact is necessary. Similarly, in case of buying power of suppliers the charity donator must be convinced of the positive face value of a non-profit organisation. Competitive rivalry can be found when there is competition is offering better service from the non-profit organisations that are presently operating. In short, the service has to be supreme. References Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Magretta, J., 2013.Understanding Michael Porter: The essential guide to competition and strategy. Harvard business press.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Reincarnation - Buddhism vs. Hinduism free essay sample

While the general concept is present in a number of religions, there are also significant differences between the various belief systems, namely Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, it is believed that an enduring soul survives after death, spends a variable amount of time in another realm, and then becomes associated with a new body. Rebirth into the opposite sex or, under certain circumstances, into a nonhuman animal form is considered possible. Hinduism includes the concept of karma, the idea that the conditions into which one is born are determined by one’s conduct in various previous lives. The law of karma works neutrally and it inexorably metes out the results of one’s actions, rebirth after rebirth, known as samsara. There are countless living beings and countless levels of rebirth from those in the hells to plants, animals, humans, and gods. It is believed that evil karma may bring rebirth at lower levels, and good karma may bring rebirth at higher human levels or even as a god or goddess. We will write a custom essay sample on Reincarnation Buddhism vs. Hinduism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After much spiritual practice, and a person finally realizes his or her own divine nature, all desire for the pleasures of the world will vanish, and the person will cease to be reborn. The person is said to have attained moksha, or salvation from samsara. It is essentially when they â€Å"wake up† to the nature of reality. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation, more commonly called rebirth, differs significantly from the Hindu belief in that there is no unchanging soul, spirit, or eternal self to reincarnate; there is no enduring entity that persists from one life to the next. The Buddha described reincarnation as lighting successive candles using the flame of the preceding candle. Although each flame is casually connected to the one that came before it, it is not the same flame. When one personality dies, a new one comes into being. Buddhism teaches that what is reborn is not the person but that one moment gives rise to another and that this momentum continues even after death. Instead of a fixed entity, what is reborn is a â€Å"stream of consciousness,† whose quality has been conditioned by karma. It is similar to Hinduism in that karma determines the circumstances of subsequent lives, so there is continuity between personalities but not persistence of identity. Circumstances of rebirth are not seen as rewards or punishments from a controlling God but are the natural results of various good deeds and misdeeds. The cycle of rebirths involves suffering and continues until all cravings are lost and nirvana is achieved. The basic difference between Hinduism and Buddhism is this. Hindus believe in an external existence of self which can eventually merge into a greater self, and Buddhists believe that the self is ultimately transitory, and its elimination is freedom from material existence which is suffering. They are quite different approaches, yet the practices, such as meditation, chanting, and self-discipline, and effects, such as happiness and serenity, are very similar. Both realize that life seen through the bodily senses is not the ultimate reality which is transcendent to the material world. Both also have a belief in karma. Being a Christian, the idea of reincarnation is pretty foreign and a little frightening. I have gotten so used to the idea of having one life that I cannot imagine what it is like to know you are going to be reborn, and possibly as an animal. In a way, I feel like Hindus and Buddhists take their religion more seriously since there main goal is to achieve moksha/nirvana, and to do so they have to live several undesirable lives. I am sure I would be on my best behavior too if I knew I could be reborn as something awful. It seems like they worship a lot more often and suffer until the end of their rebirths, where as Christians usually just worship once a week and seem to enjoy life more; they do no focus on suffering as much as they know they only have one life. I respect the idea and both religions, but I just have a hard time grasping the concept. In Christianity, reincarnation is typically rejected and there is only one life. Based on Jesus’s teachings, Christians believe that God created human beings to live eternally in fellowship with him. The future includes the resurrection of all people, a judgment, and eternal life in either heaven or hell. Christians believe there will be a judgment where everyone’s life will be evaluated. Those who depend on Christ for salvation can be assured that they will pass this judgment. The Bible states that there are two different outcomes for eternal life: heaven and hell. They are described using terms that seem metaphorical: a city built of gold in heaven, a lake of fire for hell. While Hindus and Buddhists believe in reincarnation, karma, and liberation, Christian’s believe in death, resurrection, and judgment. Man only has one earthly life and death, and when he dies his spirit will be reunited with his body. Men often do not receive fair or just rewards for their lives. Instead, when Jesus returns, He will judge all men and declare our eternal rewards on the basis of our lives, good or bad. The concept of reincarnation seems to offer one of the most attractive explanations of humanity’s origin and destiny. The idea of many deaths and rebirths is an interesting one, but a very strong belief in many religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism.